Present Perfect Simple

Present Perfect Simple

Present Perfect Tense can be used in three situations:

1. To indicate something that has happened at an indefinite time in the past :

    - I have seen that movie already.

    - She has left for California.

    - They have not eaten their dinner yet.

2. To indicate something which started in the past and continues until now :

    - I have lived in New York for nine years.

    - We have been here since Friday.

    - He has played football since he was a child.

3. To indicate something which occurred recently :

    - I have been sick lately.

    - She hasn’t slept much recently.

Notes:

When speaking about a specific time, use past tense.

A: I have seen that movie already.	(Non-specific time)
B: Oh really? When did you see it?
A: I saw it last week with Bob.	(Specific time)

Some words should not be used in situation 2 (above)

I have met John for five years.	(INCORRECT)
I have known John for five years.	(CORRECT)
I met John five years ago.	(CORRECT)
I have met John already.	(CORRECT)

Sometimes, but not always, present perfect continuous can be used instead of present perfect.

I have lived there for ten years.	(Okay)
I have been living there for ten years.	(Okay)
I have exercised a lot recently.	(Okay)
I have been exercising a lot recently.	(Okay)
I have seen that movie ten times.	(Okay)
I have been seeing that movie ten times.	(NOT Okay)

Present Progressive / Continuous

Present Progressive / Continuous

The present progressive tense takes the form be + V ing. The form of “be” is determined by the subject of the sentence : - He is singing. - She is listening. - They are sleeping. - I am going home. In English, the present progressive is used to indicate actions happening at the time of speaking, or right now : - Jake is speaking to his mother right now. - Please keep quiet. The baby is sleeping.

Simple Present Tense

PRESENT TENSE
What is the present tense?
A tense is a specific form of a verb that shows WHEN the action implied by the verb takes place. There are two tenses in English: the PRESENT and the PAST (note: WILL, which denotes the FUTURE, is not a tense by a MODAL). When a verb is at the present tense, it shows that the action implied by the verb is  : 
a) taking place NOW or 
b) is a valid and eternal truth. Examples ; I work today, The United States of America believes in free speech.
For most verbs in the simple present tense, you must add an "s" to the end of the verb for he/she/it, as in, "Devan hates the holidays." However, for some verbs, you have to add es for he/she/it, as in, "She watches a lot of TV," or, "He misses his mom."
So how do you know when es is necessary? One rule to remember is that any verb ending in ch, sh or ss needs an es, not s, for he/she/it.

WH - Questions

Wh- Questions allow a speaker to find out more information about topics. They are as follows:

When? Where? Who? Why? How? What?

Time Place Person Reason Manner Object/Idea/Action

Other words can also be used to inquire about specific information:

Which (one)? Whose? Whom? How much? How many? How long? How often? How far? What kind (of)?

Choice of alternatives Possession Person (objective formal) Price, amount (non-count) Quantity (count) Duration Frequency Distance Description

6. Expression necessity and obligation

Must is often used to indicate 'personal' obligation  what you think yourself or other people/things must do. The obligation comes from outside (a rule or law). 
Have to or need to are often used to indicate neccessity (but not always).   It means doesn't come from a rule or law.
Here are the expressions to show necessity and obligation :

 - It is necessary for you to be here on time.

 - You must finish your reports before the boss ask you.

 - We don't need to come to the party, I think.
 - You have to submit the report by June 2 ^{nd 
 - We must be here before the teacher comes}

 - The school must provide more sports facilities. 

 - You have to clean the keyboard regularly.
   - I really must get some exercise.   
   - People must try to be more tolerant of each other.
   - If you own a car, you have to pay an annual road tax.

5. Agreement and disagreement

The expression to show agreement we can use :

   - Exactly.

   - I agree with .......

   - Certainly.

   - I think so.

   - I totally/ extremely agree with you.

   - That's just what I was thinking.

   - Yes, that's quite tree.

Whereas to show disagreement we use expression as :

   - No way / non sense.

   - I'm afraid, I have my own opinion

   - I don't think so

   - That's not right

   - I'm sorry but you are wrong

   - Surely not, I can't agree with that ..........

   - I don't agree with you.

4. Certainty and Uncertainty

To express certainty, we can use the following expressions :
   - I know that ...............

   - I'm certain that .............

   - I'm quite certain  ..............

   - We absolutly sure that ...........

   - It's positive that ...............

   - I have no doubt about ..............

   - You might be right about ..............

   - I really believe that .................

   - etc.
Now, how do you express uncertainty ?

You could use the expressions below to express uncertainty as :

   - I'm not certain/sure/convinced that ...............

   - We have doubt about ...............

   - There's some doubt about ................

Note : 

a. The word " that " is followed by clause.

    for the example        : I'm certain that she can win the game 

                                                                     clause

     Clause is a group of word consisting of subject, predicate

b. The word " about " is followed by a noun.

    for the example        :  - There's some doubt about his ability.

                                     - I have no doubt about Ani's story.

3. Bargaining

In a departement store

Shirley          :  This is nice material. What is it ?

Shopkeeper  :  It's cotton  

Shirley          :  How much is it ?

Shopkeeper  :  It's very good material. It's four dollars a metre 

Shirley          :  Four dollars! That's too expensive. But it's very 
                        attractive.

Shopkeeper  :  How much can you pay, madam ?

Shirley          :  I'll pay three dollars a metre.

Shopkeeper  :  I'll make a special price for you, madam. 

                        Three dollars seventy five a metre.

Shirley          :  How about three dollars fifty ?

Shopkeeper  :  Just for you, madam. Three dollars fifty cens a metre.

2. Expression used for giving compliments to others

Many kinds of the expressions are used to give compliment  to others as below :

   - Wonderful.

   - Congratulation 

   - You look handsome/beautiful tonight

   - Wow, Fantastic.

   - That's great

   - Well done.

   - How beautiful you look.

   - Wow.. beautiful.

   - What a good appearance I see.

   - You look great.

   - Good job.

   - etc

Did you ever get compliment by your friends ? 

What did you say to respond it ? 

If someone gives you compliment you must respond it as :

   - Thank you

   - You've made my day

   - Do you really think so ?

   - It's kind if you say that.

   - Thanks I need that

   - etc

1. Expression giving invitation

Generally all of us have activities that need to attended by others. So you have to invite them to come and join. You might invite them orally (informal) or writing (formal). It's depend on situation where are you at the day. Might be you met your friend when you were jogging, you invite them to come and join for lunch/dinner/birthday party/ etc orally (informal

Here are the examples of giving invitation :

   - Could you come to my party ? 

   - Would you mind coming over on Saturday night ?  

   - Would you like to come to my birthday party  on .......... ? 

   - How about going out for lunch to gather this afternoon  ?

   - I'd like you to ......... ?

   - Can you ............ ?

   - How would you like to ................... ?

   - Would you like to come to my place for dinner tonight, please ?

   - Why don't you join me for lunch/ dinnner ?

   - I'd like to invite you to see our school/factory/office/ while you're in Bali/etc?

   - Would you come with me to the cinema tomorrow ?

   - etc.

If you got problem how to write to invite them, you could visit this link :

http://www.worldchiroacticalliance.org/children/manual/invitation-letter.asp  

How to make birthday invitation design ?

Here are the samples of birthday invitation design :

        

You could visit the link below to get many kind of invitation design :

http://www.vistaprint.com/gallery.aspx?pg=39&preid=52&xnav=TsrItem&xnid=birthday

What is your response  ?

·  Thank you for your invitation I'll happy to come/join/dinner/lunch/etc.

·  That's very kind of you.

·  That sound wonderful, I'll happy to come/ join/ etc.

·  I'd love to go with you.

·  Certainly, I'd love to go/ come/ join/ etc.

·  etc.

But if you refuse/decline an invitation, remember to thank the person for the invitation and give a reason for refuse/decline. You don't  need to give a detailed reason, it's just a general reason. 

Below are responses if you refuse/decline an invitation : 

.  Thank you but I'm sorry, I'm affraid I can't...

·  Thank you for your invitation but I don't think I can make it.

·  I'd love to but I can't. I have other plans.

·  That's very kind of you, but I'm affraid my schedule is booked up all next week/

   nex Sunday/ tomorrow/ Saturday night/ etc.

·  I'm sorry, but I have other plans. Thank you anyway. 

.  I'd like to, but tomorrow I would prefer to stay at home.